PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF THE UPSTREAM OF BIRIM RIVER

Abstract

Purpose –– The study aimed to assess the physical characteristics and heavy metal pollution of the Birim River upstream.
Methods –– A Pearson correlational test was conducted to assess the association between the physical parameters and the heavy
metals.
Findings –– The pollution index revealed that Hg and Fe were the most polluting heavy metals, with Ankase and Ayinam being the
most affected areas due to increased mining activities. Correlational analysis indicated positive relationships between
turbidity and Hg (r = 0.972), As (r = 0.994), and Cr (r = 0.789).
Conclusion & Recommendation –– In conclusion, illegal and small-scale mining activities within the catchment of the Birim
River have polluted the water quality. There is a need to regularize mining activities, promote sustainable mining practices, and
implement reclamation plans to safeguard the river's water quality.
Keywords –– Heavy metal pollution, Birim River, Small-scale and illegal mining, water quality, pollution index